answersLogoWhite

0

🍎

Genetics

This section covers topics of genetics such as variation, pedigrees, Mendelian genetics and mutations.

500 Questions

What part of the body does color blindness affect?

User Avatar

Asked by Wiki User

The eyes.

Mildly colour blind people can see the red/blue ends of the spectrum. However, they have great difficulty seeing the more subtle colours in the orange/yellow/green range.

If you can see '40 shades of green' , as in trees and grass etc., you are NOT colour blind.

Colour blind people are often banned from doing such work as ship/aircraft navigtion, train driving, driving large vehicles(traffic lights).

In any given 3mm of blood what is the approximate ratio of the number of red blood cells erythocites to white blood cells leukocytes?

User Avatar

Asked by Wiki User

There are about a thousand times as many red blood cells as white cells.

Consider that the red blood cells (or erythrocytes) in a mm3 (or microliter) of blood number about five million in an average man (a few less in a woman). The white blood cells (or leukocytes) number only 5-6 thousand per mm3 so the ratio is about a thousand fold.

Does a cat have a nucleus?

User Avatar

Asked by Wiki User

Yes, cats, like all animals, have cells, and the cells have a nucleus. The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle within a cell that contains genetic material, including DNA. It serves as the control center for the cell, governing its activities and regulating the expression of genes. In the case of cats, as with all eukaryotic organisms, their cells contain nuclei, and these nuclei play a vital role in the functioning and maintenance of the cells and the organism as a whole.

What happens in the tetrad stage?

User Avatar

Asked by Wiki User

In biology, the term "tetrad" often refers to a stage in the life cycle of certain fungi, particularly those in the division Ascomycota. The tetrad stage is associated with sexual reproduction in these fungi. Here's what happens during the tetrad stage:

  1. **Plasmogamy:** The tetrad stage begins with the fusion of two haploid fungal cells (gametes) during a process called plasmogamy. This results in the formation of a structure called a zygote, which has a diploid (2n) nucleus.

  2. **Karyogamy:** Following plasmogamy, the nuclei within the zygote remain separate for a period. Later, karyogamy occurs, which is the fusion of the two haploid nuclei to form a diploid nucleus. This diploid nucleus represents the zygote.

  3. **Meiosis:** The diploid nucleus undergoes meiosis, a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in the formation of haploid cells. These haploid cells are usually organized into groups of four, and this grouping is known as a tetrad. Each of the four cells in the tetrad is a haploid spore.

  4. **Spore Dispersal:** The haploid spores produced through meiosis are then dispersed into the environment. These spores have the potential to germinate and develop into new haploid fungal organisms under suitable conditions.

The tetrad stage is an essential part of the sexual reproduction cycle in certain fungi, contributing to genetic diversity and the adaptation of the fungal population to changing environmental conditions. It's important to note that the specifics of the life cycle, including the tetrad stage, can vary among different fungal species.

How is sex in offspring determined?

User Avatar

Asked by Wiki User

the father does. you see a woman genes are both y and men's genes have an x and a y if the father gives a y it is going to be a girl if he gives it and x it will be a boy. that is what determines sex of an offspring also if you already have some kids that will give you a better guess of what sex the offspring is.

Why is it important that the cell replicates its DNA?

User Avatar

Asked by Wiki User

So that each of the daughter cells formed during mitosis will have an identical copy of the DNA.

What is the enzyme that restore adp back to ATP?

User Avatar

Asked by Wiki User

The enzyme that converts adenosine diphosphate back into adenosine triphosphate is called 'ATP synthase'.

What are the advantages of a telescopic ladder?

User Avatar

Asked by Wiki User

Telescopic ladders have several advantages:

Portability: Telescopic ladders are lightweight and easy to carry around. They can be folded down into a compact size, making them very portable and handy to transport from one vicinity to another.

Adjustable Heights: These ladders can enlarge to diverse heights, permitting you to attain one-of-a-kind tiers, whether it's converting mild bulbs, portraying partitions, or accomplishing better shelves. They offer flexibility in top adjustments consistent with your needs.

Space-Saving: When not in use, telescopic ladders can be collapsed right down to a small size.

 Versatility: They can be used for diverse responsibilities and in exceptional settings, both interior and exterior. Whether you're doing household chores, DIY initiatives, or professional work, those ladders serve a couple of purposes.

Ease of Use: Telescopic ladders are straightforward to set up and use. They come with consumer-pleasant mechanisms for extending and retracting, and their simple design makes them handy. 

Safety Features: Many telescopic ladders are designed with protection functions including non-slip feet and steady locking mechanisms. These functions assist offer balance and decrease the threat of injuries while working at heights.

What are the similarities of ALL cells?

User Avatar

Asked by Wiki User

The fundamental similarities that occur in all cells are:

Hereditary characters are transmitted through nucleic acids containing DNA and RNA.

The basic structure of cell membranes is the same in all cell organelles.

The process and method of aerobic respiration are similar.

The mechanism of synthesis of nucleic acids and the formation of proteins within the cells are also much the same. .

What word describes the shape of a DNA molecule?

User Avatar

Asked by Wiki User

Its actually two wi=ords; Thehy are 'Double Helix'.

What are the answers to the inheritance gizmo?

User Avatar

Asked by Wiki User

Predict: What do you think the offspring of a green alien and pink alien will look like?

What is the duty of insulin?

User Avatar

Asked by Wiki User

It controls the level of blood sugar.

It to much sugar in the blood it helps to stire it in the liver.

If too little in the blood then it helps to release sugar from thre liver.

Insulin is naturally made in the pancreas.

List six characteristics that all living things share?

User Avatar

Asked by Wiki User

  • Grows and develops
  • Responds to its surroundings
  • Reproduces
  • Excretes waste
  • Energy (uses)
  • Contains chemicals
  • Cells (has)

Cancer cells break loose and spread throughout the?

User Avatar

Asked by Wiki User

Cancer cells can break loose from the primary tumor and spread to other parts of the body through a process called metastasis. During metastasis, cancer cells invade surrounding tissues, enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system, and travel to distant organs or tissues where they can form new tumors. The spread of cancer cells to distant sites is a key characteristic of advanced or metastatic cancer and is a major factor in the progression and severity of the disease.

The two main routes of metastasis are:

Hematogenous Metastasis (Bloodstream):

Cancer cells can enter the bloodstream, allowing them to travel to distant organs and tissues through the circulatory system.

Once in the bloodstream, cancer cells can be carried to various organs, and some may lodge in small blood vessels at distant sites.

The ability of cancer cells to survive in the bloodstream and establish new tumors depends on several factors, including the interaction between cancer cells and the microenvironment of the target organ.

Lymphatic Metastasis:

Cancer cells can also spread through the lymphatic system, a network of vessels and nodes that transport lymph throughout the body.

Lymph nodes act as filters, and cancer cells may accumulate in lymph nodes near the primary tumor before spreading to more distant nodes.

From the lymph nodes, cancer cells can travel through the lymphatic vessels to other parts of the body.

The organs or tissues where metastatic cancer cells settle and form new tumors are called metastatic sites. The choice of metastatic sites can vary depending on the type of cancer and the characteristics of the cancer cells. Common metastatic sites include the lungs, liver, bones, and brain.

Why do plants have cell walls and animals don't?

User Avatar

Asked by Wiki User

Plants have cell walls, while animals do not, due to differences in their evolutionary history, structure, and the functions of their cells.

Plants:

  1. **Structural Support:**

    • The primary function of plant cell walls is to provide structural support to plant cells. Plant cells have a rigid cell wall composed mainly of cellulose, a complex carbohydrate. This rigid structure helps plants maintain their shape and withstand the pressure generated by the influx of water during osmosis.
  2. **Protection:**

    • Cell walls protect plant cells from external mechanical damage and pathogens. The tough and rigid cell wall acts as a barrier, preventing physical damage and helping to resist the entry of pathogens.
  3. **Water Regulation:**

    • The cell wall also plays a role in regulating water balance. It allows water to pass through while preventing the cell from bursting due to excessive water uptake. This is crucial for turgor pressure, which helps maintain cell and plant rigidity.
  4. **Support for Growth:**

    • As plants grow, new cells are continuously added. The cell walls allow for the elongation of cells while maintaining structural integrity.

Animals:

  1. **Extracellular Matrix:**

    • Instead of cell walls, animal cells are surrounded by an extracellular matrix (ECM) made up of proteins and other molecules. The ECM provides structural support to animal tissues, but it is more flexible than the rigid cell walls of plants.
  2. **Cell-to-Cell Communication:**

    • Animal cells rely on direct cell-to-cell communication through tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions. The absence of rigid cell walls allows for greater flexibility and mobility in animal tissues.
  3. **Adaptation to Environment:**

    • Animals have evolved a wide range of adaptations for mobility, and the absence of a rigid cell wall allows for more flexibility and the ability to change shape. This is crucial for processes like muscle contraction and the movement of cells during development.
  4. **Phagocytosis:**

    • Animal cells, particularly certain immune cells, use a process called phagocytosis to engulf and digest particles. The flexibility of the cell membrane is essential for this process.

In summary, the presence of cell walls in plants and their absence in animals are adaptations that have evolved to suit the specific needs and lifestyles of each group of organisms. The rigid cell walls of plants provide structural support and protection, while the absence of cell walls in animals allows for greater flexibility, mobility, and adaptability to diverse environmental conditions.

Do a nucleus have a nuclear envelope?

User Avatar

Asked by Wiki User

The plasma membrane, which is the membrane surrounding the cell, is a single phospholipid bilayer. Embedded in it are proteins and other compounds, such as cholesterol.

The nuclear envelope is double. This means that there are two phospholipid bilayers,with embedded proteins. In places the membranes connect, leaving a pore. This pore is important for permitting large molecules in and out of the nucleus, such as messenger RNA (mRNA) leaving the nucleus, and proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm entering for assembly into ribosomal subunits. Each pore is surrounded by proteins forming a nuclear pore complex.

The outer membrane of the nuclear envelope is continuous with the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Where can one find information about DNA ancestry testing?

User Avatar

Asked by Wiki User

  1. DNA ancestry testing information from Face DNA Test customer reviews online, explore genetic genealogy communities, consult with genetic counselors, and check educational blogs and local resources. Stay informed and verify the credibility of sources for accurate and up-to-date insights into genetic genealogy.

Can smoking kill sperm cells?

User Avatar

Asked by Wiki User

Smoking leads to disease and disability and harms nearly every organ of the body.

Smoking causes cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung diseases, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Smoking also increases risk for tuberculosis, certain eye diseases, and problems of the immune system.

How are steps of cellular respiration different when it is anaerobic respiration?

User Avatar

Asked by Wiki User

Anaerobic means without air, so there is no respiration.

Why is aftercare an advantage for the offspring?

User Avatar

Asked by Wiki User

There's a greater chance they'll survive, as opposed to letting them run off by themselves. The parents can teach them stuff, and feed them. This ensures they grow better, but the parents can take care of less young at a time this way.

What are the similarities between bacteria and plant cells?

User Avatar

Asked by Wiki User

they both have cell walls.

How many times does a compound light microscope with an ocular lens of 12x and an objective lens of 44 magnify objects?

User Avatar

Asked by Wiki User

The anwer is simple. Just adjust the eyepie and multiply the radiation to the mixed scope that why the lens will not burn when the microscpe in turned on.