orpiment
pyrite
Diamonds are usually clear and they are hard. Zircon can also the colorless and is a hard mineral.
Depending on the intensity of the yellow colour (nitrogen) in the stone, the diamond could be 'called' by many names. Generally, visibly yellow diamonds can range from a 'light yellow' colour to an 'intense fancy yellow' colour. Canary diamond is another name given to some yellow diamonds. As well, 'colourless' diamonds graded from H through Z are also called 'yellow'. A certified gemologist can give you the exact name for the colour of the diamond in question.
Rocks are made of minerals. When rocks melt, the minerals become fluid or in a liquid state. Also, when a mineral turns to a liquid it no longer meets the expectaions required for it to be called a mineral.
You get yellow-green by mixing green and yellow together and yellow-green is also known as chartreuse.
Sulfur is a yellow mineral and also an element.
pyrite
The powder indicates the true color of the mineral and is an aid in mineral identification. That can also be called a streak.
whatever you think is right
A xenotime is a variety of yellow-brown mineral, also known as yttrium phosphate.
Magnetite, an iron oxide mineral is magnetic. It is also called 'lodestone'.