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The exact distance varies continuously as the Earth orbits the Sun. A general limit of the closest approach (perihelion) and farthest point (aphelion) can be calculated. The difference between closest and farthest points is about 3% of the average distance.

The surface of the Sun is not a solid, but a layer of gases called the photosphere, which obscures the features beneath it. So all calculations, no matter how precise, would be approximate. Most values given for the distance (roughly 150 million kilometers) are stated from the center of the Sun to the centerof the Earth, and so do not represent the actual distance from surface to surface. This will vary slightly by one's location on the Earth as well as by the Earth's position in its orbit.

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Q: Why can't you get an exact measurement of the distance of the Earth from the Sun?
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